What Are The Bacteria That Promote Plant Growth?

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a diverse group of free-living soil bacteria that can enhance plant growth and protect plants from disease and abiotic stresses through various mechanisms. These bacteria, also known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are capable of promoting plant growth by converting insoluble organic and inorganic phosphate into a bioavailable form for plants. Some PGPRs, such as Arthrobacter and Bacillus, boost plant development and promote soil bioremediation by secreting a variety of metabolites and hormones.

PGPB are primarily found in the rhizosphere (root zone) of plants and have the ability to promote plant growth and plant defenses. They play a useful role in controlling plant pathogens by inducing systemic resistance and stimulating plant growth. In recent years, PGPB has been introduced in modern agriculture as a new practice to enhance the growth and productivity of crops. They play a significant role in controlling plant pathogens by inducing systemic resistance and stimulating plant growth.

In addition to their beneficial effects on plant growth, PGPB also contribute to the production of biofertilizers, which have a vast range of usage. These bacteria interact with plants but have no discernable effect on the plant, contributing to the overall growth and productivity of plants.

In the near future, PGPB is expected to replace the use of chemicals in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, and other industries. Their potential impacts on soil fertility, plant growth, and productivity are significant, and they play a crucial role in controlling plant pathogens by inducing systemic resistance and stimulating plant growth.

What is an example of a PGPB?

Commercialized PGPB strains include Agrobacterium radiobacter, Azospirillum brasilense, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus fimus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginous, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus subtilis var. These rhizobacteria promote plant growth and can be used to facilitate phytoremediation. Research has shown public health implications of hazardous waste sites and the use of soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation.

What bacteria helps plants grow?

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse bacteria that perform various growth-promoting functions, including nitrogen-fixing and plant-signaling molecules like phytohormones. Azospirillum species, one of the most extensively studied groups of PGPRs, are attributed to their nitrogen-fixing properties. Some species produce phytohormones, which regulate various aspects of plant growth, such as budding and stem lengths.

PGPRs also provide plants with defense against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Pseudomonas species suppress root-fungus disease, while Streptomyces diastatochromogenes produces an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of potato scab disease-causing bacteria. Bacillus thuringiensis helps protect plants from fungus gnats by germinating in the insect gut and producing insecticidal crystal-forming proteins (Cry).

The harmful nature of fertilizers and pesticides has led to increased interest in using PGPR as alternatives to these chemicals in agricultural settings. Hiltner developed and supplied seeds and plants inoculated with beneficial bacteria, known as rhizobial inoculants, to farmers, ensuring healthier, more environmentally fit crops. These measures are still used today to ensure healthier, more environmentally friendly crops.

Why do we use PGPR?

Crop yield is influenced by various ecological concerns due to complex natural conditions. Eco-friendly strategies can address environmental stress through beneficial microbes, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR), which improve soil and crop well-being. PGPR helps plants adapt to abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, flood stress, and biotic stresses. Rhizosphere and PGPR rhizomicrobiome cometabolize, providing nutrients for rhizomicrobes and biotransforming nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron into more utilizable forms for plants.

Understanding genetics in PGPR investigation and engineering is a promising futuristic approach, allowing overexpression of desired traits in participating strains. However, as microbes behave differently in laboratory and field conditions, propagating PGPR in field conditions is necessary for them to regain biological activity and viability. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

What are growth promoters in plants?

Plant growth promoters, including auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, stimulate cell division, flowering, fruiting, and seed formation. In contrast, plant growth inhibitors, such as abscisic acid, inhibit growth and promote dormancy and abscission.

What is the classification of PGPB?

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microbial groups that can colonize plant roots and play a significant role in food and agriculture. They are divided into four categories: biofertilizers, biostimulators, biopesticides, and bioremediators. Biofertilizers increase the availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are crucial for plant growth. Lentil, a major protein source in Indian vegetarian diets, is primarily grown in Asia, accounting for 80% of global area and 75% of world production.

Agriculture relies heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. PGPR associations can be extracellular (ePGPR) or intracellular (iPGPR), depending on the degree of bacterial proximity to the root. Microbes play various roles in food and agriculture, including nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and fermentation.

What are plant growth promoting bacteria in phytoremediation?

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) are believed to aid in phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by promoting plant growth, reducing hydrocarbon degradation, and reducing phytotoxicity. PGPR produces various metabolites, including ACC deaminase, siderophores, organic acids, and IAA. This information is sourced from ScienceDirect, a website that uses cookies and adheres to the Creative Commons licensing terms for open access content.

What is the role of PGPR in plants?

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are essential for enhancing crop productivity and plant protection, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. They are crucial for sustainable agriculture and can be used in various applications, including text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. The use of PGPR is governed by copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors.

What is the meaning of plant growth-promoting bacteria?

Plant growth-promoting bacteria are a group of free-living soil bacteria that can stimulate plant growth through various mechanisms. They can be direct or indirect. ScienceDirect uses cookies and requires consent to continue. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. Creative Commons licensing terms apply for open access content.

What do plant growth promoting bacteria do?

PGPR is a plant growth promotion method that enhances seed germination, stimulates cutting rooting, acts as a biocontrol agent against diseases, and increases transplantation survival rates due to better root development. Its benefits are summarized in Table 1. 1. The site uses cookies, and all rights are reserved for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. Open access content is licensed under Creative Commons terms.

What are the benefits of PGPB?

Marginal land with high salinity can be influenced by various factors, including natural sources like salt accumulation over time, weathering of rocks and minerals that release soluble salts, or deposition of oceanic salt carried by wind and rain. Anthropogenic sources include replacing perennial vegetation with annual crops, inappropriate fertilization or soil irrigation with salt-rich water, or insufficient drainage systems. High salinity in soil contributes to ion imbalance, hyperosmotic pressure, oxidative stress in plants, and decreased availability of essential nutrients.

PGPB helps plants alleviate salinity stress by reducing ethylene precursors through the production of ACC-deaminase and biofilms covering the surface of roots, limiting the physical contact of roots with contaminants. It also increases water use efficiency by transpiration regulation, stomatal conductance, and reduction of reactive oxygen species concentrations in inoculated plants.

Application of ACC deaminase-producing Pseudomonas spp. on barley and oat for phytoremediation resulted in promotion of growth and increased biomass of barley and oat roots in saline soil. Citrus macrophylla growth was promoted by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Novosphingobium sp. HR1a, while spinach inoculated with halotolerant and chitinolytic bacterial strains resulted in better plant growth and reduced salinity.

PGPB also enhances plant growth on marginal lands contaminated with organic compounds. Bacteria use the metabolites secreted by the plant as carbon sources to stimulate their biodegradation ability, reducing the stress effect of the contaminant and promoting plant growth and development. Highly resistant microbes to hydrocarbons, particularly those capable of degrading crude oil hydrocarbon, are useful in phytostimulation methods. Soil bioaugmentation with an exogenous pool of microorganisms and combined methods are also applied.

Is PGPR a biofertilizer?

Rhizobacterial biofertilizers have evolved over time, with various definitions reflecting our understanding of them. Most scholars consider PGPR as a biofertilizer due to their positive effects on plant rhizospheres, which stimulate plant growth. However, not all PGPR are biofertilizers, as not all are formulated into products that can be applied to plants or soils. The major components of biofertilizers are PGPR, which contribute to the overall increment, concentration, and accessibility of plant nutrients in plant rhizospheres.

Biofertilizers are active microbial agents that stimulate plant growth by improving nutrient availability in plant rhizospheres. Other synonyms include microbial inoculants, bioinoculants, microbial cultures, and bacterial fertilizers or inoculants.