How Does Plant Growth Depend On Genetic Factors?

The study by Jonas Hilty, Bertrand Muller, Florent Pantin, and Seb reveals the fundamental processes and principles of plant growth and development. Genetic diversity, caused by mutations, can have neutral, positive, and negative impacts on various characteristics of a plant species. Genetic variations play a crucial role in driving crop improvement efforts, ensuring sustainable food production, and addressing global challenges such as population growth and climate change.

There are two factors affecting plant growth and development: genetic and environmental. The genetic factor, also known as the internal factor, is the basis of the plant’s shape. The environment, particularly temperature, affects plant growth through the regulation of and variation in their genes. Plant growth and development involve the integration of many environmental and endogenous signals that, together with the intrinsic genetic program, determine plant form.

Plant genotype and environmental variation impact plant-soil linkages through genotype-specific responses in plant phenotypes (DBH, CT). For example, selected varieties of rice grow rapidly, maturing within 110 days, while others, under the same environmental conditions, grow more slowly and mature within 155 days. A producer has control over the genetic factor by choosing a variety.

Environmental factors that affect plant growth include light, temperature, water, humidity, and nutrition. Growth occurs due to the synthesis of protoplasm, cell division, cell enlargement, and cell differentiation. Crop yield is regulated by a number of genes, each regulating the expression of specific traits but contributing to overall yield. Understanding the function and mechanisms controlling plant genes allows us to select genes and traits that positively influence plant growth rate, size, and overall appearance.

How do genetic factors affect growth?

Genes play a significant role in a child’s physical and mental development, with genetic disorders like Down syndrome and spina bifida disrupting growth and development. About 80 percent of a person’s adult height is determined by genes, while environmental factors like nutrition affect the remaining 20. Genes also influence head circumference and childhood intelligence. Parents play a crucial role in children’s growth and development, with positive parenting practices like mealtime routines and healthy snacks helping children self-regulate their diet and weight.

How do genetics work in plants?

Plants inherit a matching set of chromosomes from each parent, and to transmit traits like pest or drought resistance, they must carry the same genetic variant on each chromosome. In 2010, Chan and Ravi Maruthachalam discovered a way to eliminate the genetic contribution from one parent while breeding the lab plant Arabidopsis. They modified a protein called CENH3, found in the centromere, and crossed wild-type Arabidopsis with modified CENH3, resulting in plants with half the normal number of chromosomes. This work was published in Nature in March 2010, setting off efforts to achieve the same result in crop plants like maize, wheat, and tomato.

How do they affect plant growth?

Plant growth is influenced by various factors such as temperature, light intensity, water availability, soil nutrients, plant growth regulators like auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins, and differentiation, which involves cell specialized differentiation into morphologically and physiologically different cells. The quality and duration of light also impact physiological processes in plants. Water is crucial for plant growth, and even scarcity can be a response.

Soil nutrients are essential for plant growth, and the quality and quantity of nutrients affect plant growth. Plant growth regulators like auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins are added to regulate growth. Development, which includes changes during a plant’s life cycle, involves different pathways and structures, with young plants having different leaves compared to mature ones.

Which is an example of genes affecting plant growth?

The study discusses the identification of three classes of genes that can control plant architecture: hormone metabolism and signaling, transcription and regulatory factors, and the cell cycle. The focus is on strong modifiers of stature and form that can be used for directed modification of plant architecture. Gibberellin metabolic and response genes are attractive targets for manipulation due to their dose-dependent nature, phenotypic effects in heterologous species, and positive pleiotropic effects on nitrogen assimilation, photosynthesis, and lateral root production.

Transcription factors, such as AINTEGUMENTA, ARGOS, and growth-regulating factors (GRFs), are strong modifiers of leaf and flower size. Plants overexpressing these genes have increased organ size and did not display negative pleiotropic effects in glasshouse environments. TCP-domain genes like CINCINNATA and associated regulatory miRNAs like miRJAW may provide useful means to modulate leaf curvature and other foliage properties. There are significant opportunities for comparative and translational genomics in nonmodel plant systems.

What do genetic factors affect?

Genes play a crucial role in shaping an individual’s appearance, body function, and reactions to health conditions, medicines, treatments, and certain behaviors. Understanding how genes affect health can lead to improved health outcomes. Knowing if someone has a genetic difference that increases their risk of developing a disease can help prevent or detect it earlier, making treatment easier. Identifying the genetic difference that causes a disease or condition can also help healthcare providers predict future health outcomes.

Furthermore, a better understanding of how genes are linked to disease can result in more effective treatments for those diseases. Basic genetic concepts like DNA, genes, chromosomes, and gene expression are essential for understanding and addressing genetic disorders.

What are 5 examples of genetic factors?

Genetic conditions are diseases that can be passed down through inheritance, often referred to as hereditary, from parents to their children. Examples of genetic conditions include certain cancers, cystic fibrosis, high cholesterol, haemophilia, muscular dystrophy, and birth defects like spina bifida or a cleft lip. Although not all genetic conditions are passed down from parents, some gene changes occur randomly before birth.

Why is genetics important in plants?

Plant hybridization and genetic differences among species can affect ecosystem-level traits like water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency, aboveground net primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, decomposition rates, and biodiversity. These traits are influenced by plant hybridization and genetic differences among populations. The use of cookies on this site is governed by copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. Open access content is licensed under Creative Commons terms.

What are the genetic causes of poor growth?

Short stature refers to children who are significantly shorter than their peers, often due to growth disorders such as chondroplasia, Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome, or Russell-Silver syndrome. These conditions can cause abnormal growth of cartilage, resulting in dwarfism, Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and Russell-Silver syndrome. Typically, children with short stature are healthy and will eventually grow at a normal rate. However, the cause of short stature may be unknown or a family history of below-average height or delayed puberty. Some medical conditions that may cause short stature include:

What factors can affect the growth of a plant?

Environmental factors such as light, temperature, water, humidity, and nutrition significantly impact plant growth and geographic distribution. These factors can be easily manipulated to stimulate flowering and limit plant growth and distribution. Environmental stress can directly or indirectly cause plant problems, either directly or indirectly. Poor conditions can damage a plant directly or weaken it, making it more susceptible to disease or insect attack.

Understanding these factors can help manipulate plants for increased leaf, flower, or fruit production and diagnose plant problems caused by environmental stress. By recognizing their roles, one can manipulate plants to meet their needs and better understand the impact of environmental stress on plant growth and development.

How a genetic factor affects the growth of plants?

The genotype of a plant exerts a significant influence on its growth and development. For instance, the growth and maturation of some rice varieties occur rapidly, with a duration of 110 days, whereas other varieties exhibit slower growth and maturation under similar environmental conditions, with a duration of 155 days.

How do genetics affect plant growth?

The genotype of a plant exerts a significant influence on its growth and development. For instance, the growth and maturation of some rice varieties occur rapidly, with a duration of 110 days, whereas other varieties exhibit slower growth and maturation under similar environmental conditions, with a duration of 155 days.