What Are The Plant Breeding Tenets?

Plant breeding is a scientific process that involves the creation and assembly of variability in plants to improve their genetic potential. It involves combining parental plants to obtain new high-yielding cultivars, often including desired traits that increase farming profitability and sustainability. The process involves determining the mode of reproduction in crop plants, handling breeding material, segregating generations (pedigree, bulk, and back cross methods), and field work.

Plant breeding is an important tool in promoting global food security, as many staple crops have been bred to better withstand extreme weather conditions. The key activities of plant breeding include creating variability, selecting elite varieties, evaluating varieties in trials, and identifying superior varieties. Plant breeding involves elements of both natural and cultural selection, operating on individual plants and plant populations.

The second edition of Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding represents a thoroughly overhauled version of the preceding edition, following recommendations. The main objectives of plant breeding are to maximize plants’ genetic potentials by assembling new superior cultivars that are high-yield and high-quality, resistant to biotic and abiotic constraints. Plant scientists are working hard to provide more precise knowledge about sustainable farming to farmers.

What is the basic principle of plant breeding?

Plant breeding is the application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. This involves selecting economically or aesthetically desirable plants, controlling the mating of selected individuals, and selecting certain individuals among the progeny. Repeated over many generations, these processes can change the hereditary makeup and value of a plant population far beyond the natural limits of previously existing populations.

Plant breeding is an ancient activity dating back to the beginnings of agriculture, with humans recognizing degrees of excellence among plants and saving seed for planting new crops. Early plant-breeding procedures were conspicuous, with most present-day varieties being so modified from their wild progenitors that they are unable to survive in nature. These remarkable transformations were accomplished by early plant breeders in a very short time, with the rate of change likely greater than for any other evolutionary event.

What are the principles of plant propagation?

In an article for Life on Capitol Hill, Emily McAuley, a horticulturist at Chatfield Farms, recommends following principles of health, heat, and hydration to successfully propagate cuttings at home. She also suggests experimenting with various plants to achieve this goal.

What is the principle of propagation?

The propagation of light is a fundamental physics concept that examines how light moves through different mediums, such as air, water, or vacuum. It involves rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction, and diffraction and interference. These principles govern the behavior of light as it moves through different mediums. Understanding the propagation of light is crucial for our understanding of objects and colors in our environment. It is a fundamental aspect of our understanding of light’s movement and its role in our perception.

What is the principle of plant reproduction?

Pollen transfer to the stigma results in the release and fusion of male gametes with the egg in the ovule, thereby forming a zygote. Fertilization occurs when the zygote undergoes mitosis, resulting in the formation of an embryo, seed, and fruit. To obtain further information on the subject of reproduction in plants and other animals, please refer to the downloadable material from BYJU’S-The Learning App. For further information on related topics, please refer to BYJU’S Biology.

What are the principles of plant?

Plants are unique in that they combine sunlight’s energy with chemicals for growth, a process that supplies the world with food and energy. They require certain inorganic elements from soil for growth and play a crucial role in the circulation of nutrients within the biosphere. Plants evolved from ocean-dwelling, algae-like ancestors and have played a role in the evolution of life, including the addition of oxygen and ozone to the atmosphere. Reproduction in flowering plants can occur sexually or asexually.

Plants respire and utilize energy to grow and reproduce. Cell walls provide structural support and fibers for various organisms. Plants exhibit diversity in size and shape, with around 350, 000 species. They are a primary source of fiber, medicines, and other essential products. Plants are susceptible to injury and death due to infectious diseases caused by microorganisms. Water is the major molecule in plant cells and organs, essential for structure, growth, and the internal circulation of organic molecules and salts.

Plant growth and development are controlled by hormones and can be affected by external signals. Plants adapt to a wide variety of environments, providing diverse habitats for birds, beneficial insects, and other wildlife.

What is the basic principle of reproduction?

Sexual reproduction involves the interaction of two specialized reproductive cells, called gametes, created by meiosis. These gametes contain half the number of chromosomes of normal cells and produce offspring with genetic characteristics derived from the two parental organisms. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, creates genetically similar or identical copies of itself without the contribution of genetic material from another organism. Examples of asexual reproduction include bacteria dividing via binary fission, viruses controlling host cells to produce more viruses, and hydras and yeasts reproducing by budding.

Most plants have the ability to reproduce asexually, and the ant species Mycocepurus smithii is thought to reproduce entirely by asexual means. Some species, like hydra, yeast, and jellyfish, may also reproduce sexually, such as most plants and bacteria.

What is the basis of plant breeding?

Plant breeding is the manipulation of plant species through pollination, genetic engineering, and selection of progeny to create new and improved genotypes and phenotypes with desirable characteristics like disease or insect pest resistance, salt or draught tolerance, and crop growth. This science is used to create new and improved plant genotypes and phenotypes with desirable characteristics. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights reserved, including text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

What are the basic steps in plant breeding?

Plant breeders follow a series of steps, including defining objectives, creating variation, selecting, evaluating, and releasing cultivars. They also use cookies on the site. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. Open access content follows Creative Commons licensing terms.

What are the 5 principles of plant pathology?

Plant disease management involves an integrated strategy that includes cultural practices, epidemiology, resistant varieties, chemical pesticides, and biological control. These methods are often more practical and efficient than relying on a single method. Cultural control, such as mulching, can reduce root rot caused by Phytophthora. Epidemiology studies factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases, such as temperature, rainfall, wind, and leaf wetness.

Knowledge of epidemiology can lead to the formulation of “models” that forecast or predict disease. Simple models, such as prolonged rainfall requiring fungicide spray, can be useful for controlling a disease and reducing fungicide application. Resistant varieties are often the ultimate solution, but resistance may break down, and for many ornamental plants, resistance may not be available. Chemical pesticides are often the only effective way to control disease, and new IPM guidelines stress using only enough pesticide and constantly seeking ways to reduce pesticide applications. Biological control of plant pathogens is not as advanced as insect control, and most biological control agents are not very efficacious for field disease control.

What are the principles of conventional plant breeding?

Acquaah outlines four general steps in plant breeding: setting objectives, creating variation, selecting, evaluating, releasing, multiplying, and distributing the new cultivar. These steps are also discussed in Acquaah’s books on genetic research, horticulture, and understanding biotechnology. Acquaah’s work is relevant to various fields, including genetics, biotechnology, and genetics.

What is fundamentals of plant breeding?

Plant breeding is a scientific and technological discipline that seeks to develop genetically superior plants for economic utility. The objective is to enhance plant characteristics in a manner that renders them more desirable from an agronomic and economic standpoint.