Water spells are often used for purification, healing, love, or divination, with their main color being blue. Common properties include herbs like water lily, seaweed, and rose, stones like amethyst, aquamarine, and tourmaline, and ani. Water is the main ingredient in water magic, and it works best in autumn. Common plants/herbs include water lily and aloe. Water spells can synergize well with other spellcasting classes or abilities, creating potent combinations and enhancing overall effectiveness.
Water spells serve as both a tool and a symbol in Wicca, Paganism, and witchcraft. They are customary for witches to use water to clean. There are various types of water spells, such as moon water, sun water, storm water, and rose water. Waterfall water can be used to remove obstacles, purify, cleanse, or bring movement to a spell. It can also be used in beauty magic and birth rites and rituals.
Water spells excel in versatility, from creating barriers that slow enemy advances to summoning tidal waves that can wash. A spile (cask peg) is a wooden or metal peg used to control the flow of air into or out of a cask of ale or wine. To create a spile, drill a hole through the bark, about an inch and a half into the sapwood, and angling the hole upward.
To clean supplies, use a mixture of unscented household bleach and clean water. Diatroms, or single cell algae, have natural glass exoskeletons, so they are worked in glass to convey their glowing, gem-like properties. Boiling them at the end of the season before tapping may help, but boiling may not be necessary if the plastic is plastic-based.
📹 My 1 Minute Sales Pitch
My 1 Minute Sales Pitch In this video I sell my company in 60 seconds. It is very important that all sales reps have an “Elevator …
📹 How Water Towers Work
Purpose and function of elevated water storage tanks. The job of finding enough water, making it safe to use, and then reliably …
Can you use this on a cold call- (after the opening line and getting their permisson) so using it to get them to a call of action- like for a 1st meeting to ‘explore further’ whatever they shared they visualized. Love that line about getting them to visualaize their ideal XYZ leading into your product or service as a potential solution for getting them there. Thats why i think it could even be useful on cold calls too, but def meetings for sure (if you didnt already use it on that propsect during the cold call tho 😂 )
Thank You, Matt. Your article is great, but I’m still having trouble coming up with my one-minute pitch, would you please help me. I am opening a family daycare in my home and I can’t seem to come up with a sales pitch to say why they should choose me over my competitors. Pricing is similar and the hours are similar except few I’m open late.
Hey Matt, I just found your articles and I think you have a lot of great information. This may be a little different for you but I’m a motivational speaker and would be interested on how you would pitch to a public school principal. I just feel that I’m not getting the results I should be getting. What are your thoughts?
Hi Matt, Can you help me with a sales pitch for a modern healthcare benefits brokerage company? They help plan, build and foster healthcare benefits to small-medium size companies. Some selling points are their technology solutions and their sd Irish council which consists of HR execs from large companies like Docusign and Air bnb. Thank you!
Water towers also provide another mildly interesting service, by dint of their being tall and easy to spot: Navigational aids for low-flying aircraft. Pilots can use particular towns as waypoints and use the water towers to verify their location. In case you ever wondered why your local water tower probably has your town’s name in huge letters painted on it.
Hi Grady, I am an older man and have been wondering how those tanks work for decades. Your explanation was first rate, especially the part about the “stored energy” contained in the water within the tower. Thank you for such a well done explanation. If my daughter was little again, I would love to watch your articles with her.
Here in Brazil, depending on the region, almost every home has some kind of water storage. Specially in remote areas that have little to no infrastructure like the north and northeast of the country, the Amazon included. We’re taught to design homes with storage for at least 2 days due to the systems being unreliable. Larger structures are also required to allocate a significant percentage of their daily water usage to be used exclusively for firefighting as there aren’t any expressive quantities of hydrants in the country.
Good article, I am an electrician and I work primarily in this industry. We also use hydro-pneumatic storage tanks to store water under pressure with an air blanket to absorb water hammer and help regulate the pressure as it builds up via a pump and is lost through demand. Anyway, I watch your articles a lot and they are consistently good, thanks for that!
Very interesting article. For 12 years I was chief engineer in the pump house at the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland, New Zealand. The museum was built around the pump house which was opened in July 1877 to supply water to Auckland city. The boiler room contained four 30’ long Lancashire boilers which supplied steam to the double compound beam engine in the engine room next door. The engine drove two pumps which took water from Western Springs Lake to reservoirs in Ponsonby and in Kyber Pass Road, from where it was then gravity fed down to the city. As a result, I have always had a fascination with water and its supply and how without a water supply, you do not have a city. Keep up the good work.
I am a FireFighter in a fairly small town in Ga, the town has about 12,000 residents. The local landfill operator was VERY unaware of the need to keep the pile covered as much as possible and actually told me spontaneous combustion from decay was a myth, so guess what happened one day after a torrential rain came through. Yep the pile caught fire. At max flow we were pumping over 7,500 gallons of water an hour onto it and that was only to keep it from flaring so high it caught the surrounding buildings on fire. Over a 7 day period we put over 4,000,000 gallons on it. The water came from the towns water supply that we had to truck to the scene in tankers and tenders but it all came from the town. We put such a strain that the local water dept sent out notices that the pressure had to be cut in half and that severe drought water restrictions were in place until the fire was over. Thank God for the the rains because the over flowing river where the water was taken from fed the water dept, had it been at normal flow rate, we would have not had enough water to fight it. Oh and btw, if you were wondering the heaviest flow stopped after just 3 days because the state came in with a massive trash pump and set up 6 ag sprinklers on the pile and just used the runoff from what we had pumped on as their water source. We had to spray some areas that they couldn’t reach but only when it flared.
Im a plumbing apprentice and didn’t know how water towers worked until I watched this article. It’s pretty cool that city-provided water from water towers are literally just a GIANT version of how a single house that has well-pump provided water gets it’s water out of the earth. Water well-pumps push water from a deep hole in the ground, through some pipes, and then water gets inside the house and usually 20-40 gallons of water is stored in a water storage tank AKA pressure tank. When the pressure tank has a satisfactory amount of pressure for what it is designed for, then the well pump stops pumping water to the house until the people inside the house use enough water that the tank needs to be somewhat refilled.
I live directly across the street from a water tower, and my water pressure is always great as well as always having crystal clear water, no floaties or sediment. That particular water tower in the article is where I grew up right down the road from me in Cibolo, Tx. I pass by it several times a week. “Cibolo” was the local Native American word for buffalo back in their day, hence the buffalo outline. I attended Samuel Clemens high school which, of course, their mascot is the Mighty Buffalo.
Fantastic article Grady. As an EIT in the southwest states, it was awesome hearing how eastern states like NY have to deal with pressure and flow challenges of terrain and tall buildings. I am finally getting to work with some high rise structures in land development and this put a lot of perspective on how every every water distribution challenge eventually comes back to Bernoulli’s energy principle.
I’m a Certified Irrigation Contractor. While we learn and discuss water dynamics from an irrigation perspective, the greater water supply system is not necessarily part of our knowledge base. This was fascinating and well enjoyed. I will use this article in my training of employees because it will contribute to our greater understanding of the way water works.
Great article. A neighbor of mine built water towers in the area and I never quite frankly understood their purpose. I knew they provided pressurized water, but I did not factor in the timely aspect of their functionality. This simple article provided clarity to something I have always been curious about. Keep up the good work.
Just like a minute ago, I was thinking of water towers.. the fact that how water coming from the tap uses power, but in an indirect way, because the work has been done beforehand in pumps lifting the water up high, to make the water pressure.. and then I come back to my computer and find that you made a article about water towers!! Amazing 😀
Just want to say keep up the great work. I just completed a 4 year MEng Engineering course over in the UK and I have learnt so much from your articles. Also, because I am very pedantic, in 2:21, positive charge flows from high to low voltage so electrons actually flow from low to high voltage. Anyway, I am sure you knew that but just thought I’d point that out as a fellow engineer!
OMG!!! The Kinzua Dam holding tank(7:11)!!! That is my neck of the woods! You can drive right up to the tank. It is 3miles in circumference. This holding tank is pretty famous. It was also in my college text books on power systems. I am an EE, and been following your website to learn more about civil applications. The rumors of the town are that when the USACE were digging out the holding tank, dump trucks at the bottom of the tank looked like match box cars. If you ever want to see the tank, look up Jake Rocks in the Allegheny National Forest. It is a free camping ground and the road takes you to the tank. The Allegheny National Forest is a nice place to go on a vacation.
A water tower is like a capacitor or rechargeable battery — it releases copious intervals of flow when needed, and then stores the water during periods of less demand. 😀 P.S. That’s what a savings-account is supposed to be for, too — you put in extra money as you get it, and then it can be heavily drawn upon during an emergency. The problem is that many folks cannot resist spending money on stuff that they don’t need, and so they are not able to save up much.
hi! i work in the field of water distribution. i actually watched your article for a laugh. but, i was pleasantly surprised by the accuracy and clear explanations. BRAVO! one thing you could have included was the point 43 pound rule. for every foot of height of the tower you gain point 43 pounds of pressure. so a 100 foot tower would passively impart exactly 43 pounds of pressure at ground level. i subbed. good article.
Retired now but I worked for 27 years in the water treatment industry . Very good presentation you did on what water towers/standpipes are all about . You touched on all the key points . Another interesting effect of having a water tower in the distribution system is how they protect the distribution pipe system from breakage due to sudden pressure variance . The tower being essentially an open ended vessel in a closed piping system gives it the ability to absorb and moderate sudden changes in pressure in the system such as a large consumer stopping use of their water or a fire hydrant being close . The increase in pressure gets a chance to ” escape ” into the tower if the pumping system isn’t able to react quickly enough to the change in demand .
Clean, potable, reliable water source is a very underrated blessing of modern civilization. Why don’t all water towers freeze in winter? I know of a story where a small town in Indiana had a water tower that froze one February back in the late 1980’s. It collapsed from the water and ice load leaving residents without water for months.
Yes, this article format needs to stick around. I’ll chime in and say, though, any chance for some more attention to rural infrastructure? I live in the sticks, and while I understand a good bit (mostly on the electrical side of things, my dad was a lineman when I was a kid), there’s still plenty I’d like to see addressed.
Its fascinating remembering that water pressure is entirely dictated by density, gravity, and the height of a fluid column, no matter how big around the column is! So its so cool that we exploit that by raising up a small portion of water to give everything below it the same pressure as if the entire area were submerged below the column. I’ve never thought about that before and its so cool to see the practicality of it!
I believe we use underground tanks with air pressure above. same principle as a supersoaker watergun… it goes with the general thinking that all services should run under ground for aesthetics as well as reliability . Power, gas, water, sewer, communications, heating, is pretty much all under ground around here.
A lot of my family members live in a small city that is known for having a lot of water towers. I never thought about how they worked, mostly at awe at the size of all of them. Now knowing the fundamentals on how they work, it’s amazing and genius how the water system works there and in other populations!
Having moved to the Midwest a few years ago I’ve definitely noticed the importance of water towers to public water systems. Every town has one – with their name emblazoned on it. Of course I noticed them when I lived in NYC, but other East Coast cities (like Boston, where I grew up) either benefit from being at sea level and relatively flat or they’re crafty at hiding their towers. There was a large, but not elevated, water tower/tank near my grandparents in Arlington, MA (it was at the top of Park Ave., so maybe it was “elevated” for the rest of the city), but other than that I can’t recall seeing many water towers.
There was a water tower near me on the Central Coast of California. They finally tore it down and replaced it with pumps, because it could not be retrofitted to be seismically safe. In an earthquake, a huge weight of water a considerable distance up in the air placed a massive force on the legs supporting the tower, and they finally realized there was no practical way to make sure it was strong enough to survive a major quake. Great article, though!
“It’s been a long time since gravity was knocked offline from a thunderstorm” I like how this implies that there was a time when gravity was knocked offline Who can forget the historic day back of August 19th, 1838, when the great London thunderstorm shut off the gravity for several hours, and everyone had to hold on to trees and stuff to prevent themselves from floating away
I am so thankful to all the water engineers that clean our water every day. To many people take you for granted and do not value your work. They don’t think twice when they turn on the faucet. They just demand clean water without giving in regard who makes it possible to have that water, let alone clean water. Thank you!!
Well explained. Thanks. But there is one more reason to use water towers instead of pumping directly to the network and that is that the pipes will live 30% longer because you do not have the frequency of the pump in the network. (yes there are also other ways to filter that out, but the water tower is the easiest)
Water towers are quite rare in the UK nowadays and there are strict rules pertaining to how water can be store so that is it safe to drink. I wonder how safe water stored in towers or tanks on top of buildings is and how it is kept safe? If I am not mistaken, in the UK drinking water cannot be stored in domestic water tanks due to the risk of contamination finding it’s way into the supply. This is why before the advent of instant hot water boilers (gas-fired combi-boilers, typically) hot and cold mixer taps were not used in British households.
I knew a decent amount about Hydro Dams and pumped storage, but somehow never understood a water tower is just pumped storage! Thanks for this article, made me have a lightbulb moment! Well also that the summer demand curve for water is also very close to the demand curve for Electricity! Same peak/ off-peak cycles etc.
in my country (Bangladesh) most buildings have their own elevated water storage tank only government colonies have a separate large elevated water tank serving all the surrounding buildings also, I never understood the point of having the water storage tanks on the roofs, thanks to you, now I finally do
In my hometown underneath the Downtown area, the California State University and beyond there is an elaborate tunnel system, which, afaik, was the housing for city wide steam heating. Hatches (doors) in the sidewalks, complete with powered elevation, are now used by businesses for storage of stock and business records. It would be interesting to see how exactly these tunnel systems were used by city maintenance workers, how the heating apparatus worked when in use and what challenges were faced by maintenance workers and downtown business owners when in use, and why such elaborate, and probably expensive systems, weren’t put to better use than just storage. That is, if you’re still doing this in 2021. Thanks and cheers!
Great article! I have always wondered about the importance of water towers. Obviously, I know they provide water to people in cities. I have always wondered why they were so important. Your explanation was excellent. I truly appreciate the fact that you keep your sponsor to the end of your articles. It makes me feel like I should truly understand what they have to offer. I live in a subdivision that is considered rural, but close enough to a city that we get electric, from a public entity, and natural gas. As for water, I share a well with my neighbor.
This is something my father explained to me casually when driving when he noticed why i wondered why every water station in a village i know is above the vilage itself. It was one of many interesting things he knows about various topics. And I love it when i get to know more and more. I feel like older generation is just more knowledgeable
Our city has no visible elevated water tanks, however what people don’t realize is that a fairly sizeable portion of the city is served by a hidden water tank that is buried under one of our tall hills, it doesn’t work for all the city because there is housing above it, but I’m sure it helps a lot for the portion of the city below that tank, the rest of the city relies mostly on pumps though.
I always wondered if the towers took advantage of gravity and it being the reason for the high storage of water. Common sense almost tells you this except that some situation would always require pumps. Not just to fill the tanks but to help in situations where the population are somewhat as high are higher than the tank itself. Great presentation. Answered all my questions I’ve had for a life time.
Also liquids are not able to be compressed, which makes it pressure regulation in a dynamically changing system challanging, especally if you don’t have a way to vary liquid volume, in response to pressure changes (water towers, being one way). Another point that Grady didn’t seem to mention is pipe sizing; when no water is being used (the static state) pressure would be equal throughout a closed piping system, however when water is flowing in the system (the dynamic state), pressure drops more the further you are away from the source. Piping system friction being the main reason. One way to compensate for this unwanted issue would be to increase the size of the piping system. Another way to compensate, is to add water towers along the rout of the piping system. The piping system still has the meet the sizing requirements for the average usage, but it doesn’t have to be nearly as large as it would have to be without distributed water towers. Also, without water towers, water-hammer could be a huge issue.
Another use for water towers is for buffering huge amounts of water at an old soap factory… when the soap factory closed the whole town left and they sold the property. I was lucky enough to work with the man who owned said tower — he offered the tower to one of the WiFi-like mesh network companies so they could expand as his water tower was literally the tallest thing for 20 some miles.
I live in the Houston Texas area. Water towers everywhere. I used to pay attention because they were a “thing” between my then young son and I (35-38 years ago). If we saw one being erected, we would go look at the pieces on the ground still to be erected. POINT OF THIS IS: Now there are a lot fewer. Many, including the one in my neighborhood have been torn down. It might make a good follow up YouTube vid to explain why this is now a signifcant trend (at least in Houston). In fact one we watched being erected from our yard, has already been dismantled.
Are there any large water supplies where mechanical accumulators are used instead of (or in addition to) gravity accumulators? I’m planning a freshwater supply for my own property and I’m thinking of building a spring-pressurized mechanical accumulator. I want to have regulated pressure for my indoor plumbing, and regulated flow for irrigation, but most pressure reducing valves seem to require pretty big pressure gradients. Trenching a water line up 115ft/50psi of slope is not completely crazy, 184ft/80psi of trench up a slope is more, and that’s just the minimum head for most PRVs I’ve seen (maybe pilot-operated PRVs require less?) so in practice you’d be going further. Here in Wyoming, the average frost line is almost 5ft, which makes the trenching expensive, dangerous, and time consuming. All this to say, a mechanical accumulator seems attractive.
5:40 The crafty Luftwaffe in WWII eventually came to the situation of timing their raids on London to coincide with Low Tide on the Thames, thereby making it more difficult to use this abundant water source especially when the mains pressurised supply was down ~ due to excessive demand and/or damaged pipework.
The ram pump. Aslong as it’s below the waterline of the intake, and has an excess outlet that can flow downhill. It can pump water for miles with no moving parts, never break down. Never seize. There’s ram pumps built in the 1800’s that still run today, you usually get them in mountainous or remote regions where you just need to move the water. But you can’t exactly send people out for repairs or hoofing a load of spare parts out there.
Water towers also keep the water pressure some what constant which is much better for the distribution piping. Constant large changes in pressure, which pumps cause when they are pumping directly into the distribution system, will cause unneeded wear and tear on the system and will also cause water main breaks. Water main breaks will not only put certain customers out of water but also lower the water pressure for customers in a much larger area.
This is a very interesting topic but I still wait for the ways on how to construct a kind of water tower to accommodate a great no. population. What/how is it made of? Where can you fix the convenient place to erect such equipment in connection with factors such as pressure, friction, turbulence, and urban proximity. Thanks and again, I find this adds know-how .
Great content! Question; I have installed a windmill on my property and am wondering how to calculate the height the water tower should be. Can you advise? About 30 ft. would provide roughly 15 lbs./in^2. But I don’t know how to quantify friction and turbulence losses. I have a 1″ pipe from the windmill to the barn hydrant which branches off to 3/4″ going the house and another 3/4″ branch going to a tiny-house. total distance from where the water tower will be to the shower is roughly 200 ft. I thought of buying gauges and mount a tank at different heights on the water tower to test but that seems like a tall order. 🙂
Johannesburg in South Africa is not located near any big rivers or lakes.So water is pumped hundreds of kilometers to South Africas biggest city.So it’s crucial for this water network to work optimal.During The goldrush of the 1800’s and early 1900’s a lot of water was needed for goldmining and drinking,so huge waterpipe networks had to be laid out in Johannesburg to supply water to a growing mining community.The closest dam is the Vaaldam located more then a 100 kilometers circa from Johannesburg.
The town I live in has a water tower on the top of the highest hill in town… being so high up it’s a convenient place to mount the phone tower stuff… it’s also the favourite nesting place for the sea eagles… when the phone stuff died the service techs went up in a cherry picker to repair it and were instantly attacked and chased back down by the eagles… the eagles have been using the same nest for decades now and there’s easily a half a tonne of nest material and dead things up there… needless to say the techs had to wait for the end of season to do the repairs because no one was willing to go up there to relocate the eagles…
Coming to this article a long time after it was posted but!! This was great – back when I lived in Texas (Midland, to be precise!) my grandmother’s house was just down the street from a huge water tower, and I always wondered about it. It was just a part of the background of my childhood weekends, but there were plenty of times I’d try to ask my grandfather, or some other family member – what is that and why is it there? – and they never quite had an answer. “It’s a water tower and it stores water for this part of the city” just wasn’t ENOUGH of an answer for me, haha! PLUS this came out near to my birthday so it’s almost like a belated gift to myself, to watch it now 😛
Voltage stays consistent across a circuit unless there is a transformer to step that up or down. Current can change based of resistance or lack thereof in a circuit. When talking about the movement of electrons through a circuit, they move from an area of high potential to a point of low potential (from batteries, capacitors and static sources) or following a magnetic field (from a generator or transformer). When two different voltages meet, they simply combine their potential. If they are in series it is additive and if it is in parallel, it is at the highest voltage source. If any component can’t handle the voltage, it will burn out and break the circuit.
I’d be interested to see how the towers are constructed and kept from leaking. I assume the internal water pressure pushes against the seams to seal them and I suspect the seams might weep a bit if the tank pressure gets too low. Also interested in corrosion protection… I assume sacrificial annodes are used?
Howdy! I thoroughly enjoy your articles. Thank you for all the thought and time you put into them. One request for ya, sir: can you tell me when a thunderstorm last knocked out gravity? I have a feeling I know what the answer is, but either way, I think my friends and family would get a kick out of your answer if its anywhere as clever as the original statement you made. No sarcasm here, you gave me some lulz there. Cheers!
Excellent overview! With regards to clean water distribution from high storage tanks, I was surprised to learn about the challenges of making sure that there isn’t too much pressure when distributing water at various elevations – normally I would think the more pressure, the better but there can be too much of a good thing as well.
Electrons DON’T move from High voltage to Low voltage in a wire. In AC, energy flows via an Electromagnetic Field (the electrons don’t flow like water, energy does). In DC, the electrons do flow, but also under the influence of the EMF. The voltage may drop along a long path, but that is because the field strength drops (draw is larger than the EMF can supply).
Water/water pressure is one of those things we all take for granted every single day. My pipe busted a few winters ago and I was like oh no big deal I’ll just wait till it warms up to fix it. Lol. U don’t realize how important it is and how often u use it. Its like the number 3 thing you need in life. Just behind air and a heartbeat haha.
When you consider that a small town’s jockey pump to keep pressure up is only delivering 250 gallons per minute and the town’s boat manufacturing company’s fire pump needs 2000 gallons per minute to do it’s job, then the water tower makes sense. Just have to remember to open the tower valve when testing the pump’s flow or town pressure drops to zero within seconds. Been there…done that. The signalling circuits to the tower were not wired in yet and the guy in charge of the tower thought we were done testing and closed the valve. Ooops LOL
The thing I have always wondered about was how they keep them from freezing up during periods of below freezing temperatures. Anecdotally, when I was deployed to Kuwait the water coming from the water towers was quite hot (even after spending time in the pipes underground) In fact, it was unnecessary to use the hot water in the showers, the water coming out of the cold water tap was more than warm enough.
Water towers would make such awesome secret bases. Build a giant base with fortified stone walls and machine guns on guard towers? You can bet someone’ll start asking questions. You pay off some guy at the city to help you build a fake water tower? Nobody’s going to question it. Plenty of space up there, unlikely to be attacked, good spot for communications equipment. It’d be expensive, and you’d have to “know a guy”, but it’d be totally worth it.
The article was inadequate for me as it did not discuss how many houses a typical US municipal water tank can service. Stuff like 34 ft of water gives 1 atmosphere = 14.7 psi and typical US residential water pipes are at 30-80 psi requiring about 70 to 200 ft high towers. Also the pressure losses per mile you can expect due to drag. Overseas, for small projects, I have designed by trial and error water tanks with venturi pumps, it was a lot of fun.
We have a situation where we’re looking very strongly at sinks and showers and other elements of bathrooms where you turn the faucet on — and in areas where there’s tremendous amounts of water, where the water rushes out to sea because you could never handle it, and you don’t get any water. You turn on the faucet and you don’t get any water. They take a shower and water comes dripping out. Just dripping out, very quietly dripping out. People are flushing toilets 10 times, 15 times,
How does the water get into the tower? I have read that electricity is used to pump the water up now a days. I have read that big cities pumped water up with steam pumps in the 1800s, but I am curious to know how they got the water up there in the old west but have found nothing about how they did it. Was it like a hand pump or electricity generated by windmills? Many old west towns are portrayed without electricity but still have water towers so I am just curious. Also what triggers the water tower to release water?
How about a article on Archimedes screw pumps ? I got a situation with a waste water separating auger for industrial food peeling. We run taro thu an abrasive peeler & the, eh, shmoo comes out as fine or chunky taro bits in a suspension of viscous goop from hydrophilic polysaccharides. Also stinging calcium oxalate raphides. Anyhow the auger doesn’t screw it upwards fast enough at the manufacturer recommended angle so it backs up. But the auger is designed for potato peelings, not higher viscosity taro shmoo. Lowering the angle of the auger seems to improve shmoo uptake, I guess it overcomes the sticktion from the slime since it’s not fighting gravity so hard.
Water towers were completely foreign to me before I spent time away from my home town. Where I’m from, The city has an entire mountain watershed and reservoir dedicated to the water system only, 40 miles away and thousands of feet higher. The plentiful mountain reservoir is at such a higher elevation that there is never a pressure problem. without pumps.
When you think about it, the flow of water and the flow of electricity aren’t really that different, the only real difference is electricity is pure energy, and water flow is a combination of matter and energy. Both flow from high energy to low energy, both keep going until they can reach ground and if they can’t, they don’t flow at all. If you want to get technical, you can measure the flow of water in voltage and current, voltage being the force/volume, and current being the speed/pressure, and even many of the electrical components found in circuits have an equivalent version for water flow, check valves are like diodes, water wheels are like resistors, dams are like switches, or sometimes resistors, pumps are like batteries, and you guessed it, water towers are like capacitors